While heart failure is fairly common, affecting more than a million people across the UK, many people are unaware of the symptoms to look out for. The condition is also difficult to predict due to its inconsistent nature.
The illness arises when the heart fails to pump blood effectively throughout the body, starving organs of necessary oxygen. Contrary to common belief, heart failure does not imply that the heart has completely ceased functioning, rather that it’s either weakened or become stiff over time.
Factors such as suffering a heart attack or having cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure, while having high blood pressure also escalates a person’s risk considerably. The British Heart Foundation has highlighted that in England, 80 per cent of individuals diagnosed with heart failure receive their diagnosis in a hospital setting, and concerning statistics point out that nearly half of these patients (40 per cent) exhibit symptoms which could have warranted earlier intervention.
The NHS advises keeping an eye out for one specific symptom which might be less apparent in the morning but becomes more noticeable as the day unfolds — and it’s in your feet that you’re likely to spot it.
Swelling of the ankles, known as oedema, is linked to fluid accumulation and is cited by the NHS as a primary indicator of heart failure. Some people may also notice swelling of the legs.
NHS guidance adds: “It may be better in the morning and get worse later in the day”, as reported by the Mirror. If you notice that one or both of your ankles, feet, or legs are swollen and the swelling doesn’t subside after a few days or worsens, it’s recommended to get in touch with your GP.
While oedema isn’t exclusively indicative of heart disease and could be due to less severe issues like a sprain or insect bite, it could also signal a blood clot or infection. Therefore, it’s crucial to keep an eye on the situation and seek medical help if it continues.
Oedema can result from standing or sitting for extended periods, being overweight or pregnant, or taking certain medications such as steroids or antidepressants. Hence, the NHS suggests trying ‘gentle exercises’ and elevating the swollen area when possible before consulting a doctor.
The symptoms of heart failure can differ among individuals and may appear suddenly or ‘develop gradually’ over weeks or even months. Other warning signs to be aware of include:
- Breathlessness. This may occur after activity or whilst you’re resting. It will probably be worse whilst lying down.
- Fatigue
- Feeling light headed
- Fainting
Less common symptoms such as depression, anxiety, wheezing, and loss of appetite may also be experienced. Again, if you’re experiencing worsening or persistent symptoms you should contact your GP.