Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer globally, with two main forms: Non-melanoma skin cancer, which slowly develops in the upper layers of the skin, and the less common but more serious melanoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), marked by abnormal squamous cell growth, is the second most prevalent type of skin cancer, as per the Skin Cancer Foundation. NHS data reveals that SCC accounts for approximately 20 out of every 100 skin cancers in the UK.
While this form of skin cancer is not usually life-threatening and can be easily treated if caught early, untreated lesions can become lethal, spreading to other parts of the body and leading to severe complications. Therefore, recognising the early signs is crucial.
Most cases of SCC are caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either from the sun or tanning beds. The disease typically develops on areas frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, hands, shoulders, upper chest and back, according to the Daily Record.
However, they can also appear anywhere on your body, including your genitals and inside your mouth. The disease predominantly affects men and is more common in older individuals, reports Surrey Live.
The Cleveland Clinic lists some of the signs of SCC as
- A rough-feeling, bump or growth, which might crust over like a scab and bleed
- A growth that’s higher than the skin around it but sinks down (depression) in the middle
- A wound or sore that won’t heal, or a sore that heals and then comes back
- An area of skin that’s flat, scaly and red that’s larger, about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters)
- A bump or lump that can feel dry, itchy, scaly or have a different color from the skin around it
- A lesion on your lower lip where the tissue becomes pale, dry and cracked
- This may have a burning sensation when you’re exposed to the sun
- White or pale spots in your mouth, on your tongue, gums or cheeks
The NHS has noted that SCC may initially present as a firm pink lump with a crusted or rough surface. This lump can be tender to touch, bleed easily and may develop into an ulcer.
If you observe any skin irregularities, such as a lump, lesion, ulcer or skin discolouration that hasn’t healed after four weeks, it’s recommended to seek advice from your GP. The primary treatment for SCC is surgical removal of the cancerous tumour and some surrounding skin.
Other treatments often used include cryotherapy (freezing), anti-cancer creams, radiotherapy and a light treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). The chosen treatment will depend on the size and location of the skin cancer.
To help lower the risk of SCC and other skin cancers, limit UV light exposure, avoid the sun during peak hours (10am until 4pm) and apply sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every day, even during winter.