The signs of someone having a stroke are fairly well-known around the world. However, if a stroke has been ruled out, it could be something else entirely.
Vascular dementia, a very common form of dementia, occurs from decreased blood flow to the brain. It is easy to mistake for a stroke due to similar symptoms such as muscle weakness or temporary paralysis on one side of the body.
The NHS estimates that around 180,000 people in the UK are affected by this condition, making it crucial to recognise its signs and symptoms as early as possible. They can either appear suddenly and worsen rapidly, or develop slowly over several months or years.
These may include:
- Movement problems: Difficulty walking or a change in the way a person walks
- Thinking problems: Having difficulty with attention, planning and reasoning
- Mood changes: Depression and a tendency to become more emotional
These challenges can make everyday tasks increasingly difficult, and those with the condition may eventually become unable to care for themselves.
Vascular dementia typically progresses over time, although in some cases, its advancement can be slowed. Certain individuals are more susceptible to developing this condition, including men who have a slightly higher risk than women, and those with health conditions that can impact blood supply to the brain, such as heart disease, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
Dementia UK warned that while it’s uncommon in individuals under 65, dementia can also manifest in younger people. This is referred to as young onset dementia.
If you suspect early signs of dementia, particularly if you’re over 65, it’s crucial to consult a GP. Early detection could halt or slow the progression of vascular dementia.
If you’re concerned about someone else, encourage them to book a GP appointment and offer to accompany them. The GP can conduct basic checks to identify the cause of symptoms and may refer you to a memory clinic or another specialist for further tests.
While there’s no concrete method to ward off vascular dementia, adhering to advice for maintaining heart health is the best strategy to minimise risk and delay its onset and progression. This helps prevent damage or disease to your brain’s blood vessels.
Currently, there’s no cure for vascular dementia, nor a way to reverse any brain cell loss that occurred prior to diagnosis. However, treatment can sometimes decelerate vascular dementia by addressing the root cause, potentially reducing the rate at which brain cells are lost.
A doctor will recommend:
- adopting a nutritious, well-rounded diet
- losing excess weight if you’re overweight
- quitting smoking
- improving physical fitness
- reducing alcohol consumption
- taking medications, like those for managing high blood pressure, reducing cholesterol or preventing blood clots.
The NHS provides an abundance of resources to assist individuals dealing with a dementia diagnosis – both the patient and their loved ones. More information can be found here.
Symptoms of a stroke include face weakness, and/or a drooping on one side, arm weakness, and speech problems. If you think someone is having a stroke you should call 999 immediately.