A pharmacist has explained why individuals with certain a health condition may be advised against using decongestants to treat cold and flu symptoms. Speaking to the Mirror, Pharmica’s Superintendent Pharmacist Carolina Goncalves said: “You can take decongestants for the flu, but consider your health conditions first.”
The expert added: “Medications such as pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine reduce nasal swelling by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages, easing congestion. However, they also raise blood pressure and heart rate due to their vasoconstrictive effects, as they cause blood vessels to contract, increasing vascular resistance and forcing the heart to work harder.”
She continued: “If your blood pressure is within a healthy range and you have no heart-related concerns, short-term use of decongestants as directed is generally safe. However, for individuals with hypertension, heart disease or other cardiovascular risks, decongestants might not be advisable.
“The vasoconstriction caused by decongestants can elevate blood pressure and increase the workload on the heart, potentially exacerbating existing conditions or triggering complications.”
It’s always recommended to consult your GP or pharmacist before starting any new medications. Alternatives like steam inhalation or saline nasal sprays that seem harmless could cause more issues, reports the Mirror.
Goncalves said: “Saline nasal sprays or rinses are a good alternative – they work by flushing out mucus, allergens and irritants from your nasal passages, reducing swelling and keeping the tissues hydrated. This helps restore natural moisture balance without affecting blood vessels, making them safe for those with blood pressure concerns.
“Nasal corticosteroids, such as fluticasone, are another excellent option for more persistent issues. These sprays reduce inflammation in the nasal lining by inhibiting the release of inflammatory chemicals in your body, such as histamines and cytokines.
“This action helps relieve congestion and prevents the swelling that blocks airflow, offering long-term relief with consistent use. You can also try steam inhalation, which helps loosen thick mucus and soothe irritated nasal tissues.”
According to the British Heart Foundation, more than 14 million adults in the UK have high blood pressure. Approximately one in four adults are affected worldwide. The NHS website explains: “High blood pressure is very common, especially in older adults. There are usually no symptoms, so you may not realise you have it.”
If you suspect you might have high blood pressure, ask a professional to check for you. You can do this at your local GP surgery or certain pharmacies.
However, if you experience sudden chest pain or discomfort that doesn’t subside, pain that radiates to your left or right arm, neck, jaw, stomach, or back, or chest pain accompanied by sweating, nausea, light-headedness, or shortness of breath, you should dial 999 immediately.
The NHS says most people can use decongestants safely. However, you should not take them without first seeking the advice of a GP or pharmacist if:
- you are taking other medicines
- you have diabetes
- you have high blood pressure
- you have an overactive thyroid gland
- you have an enlarged prostate
- you have liver, kidney, heart or circulation problems
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you have increased pressure in the eye