While it affects more than a million people in the UK, heart failure is notoriously difficult to predict. The condition arises when the heart can’t pump blood effectively, meaning there isn’t enough oxygen circulating in the body.
Heart failure is often due to the heart becoming too weak or stiff, but contrary to popular belief it doesn’t mean the heart has “stopped working”. The condition may be caused by a heart attack, cardiomyopathy, or even high blood pressure, which increases risk.
British Heart Foundation figures show that 80% of heart failure diagnoses in England occur in hospitals, with nearly half (40%) of patients presenting symptoms that should have prompted earlier assessment. One symptom, particularly less noticeable in the morning but that often worsens throughout the day, could be spotted in your feet.
According to the NHS, swollen ankles and legs, due to fluid build-up known as oedema, are among the most common indicators of heart failure. “It may be better in the morning and get worse later in the day,” notes the health service.
If you notice that one or both of your ankles, feet, or legs are swollen and the condition doesn’t improve after a few days or worsens, it’s advised to get in touch with your GP. While oedema isn’t exclusively a sign of heart disease and could be due to a less severe issue like a sprain or insect bite, it could also indicate a blood clot or infection, as reported by the Mirror.
Therefore, it’s crucial to keep an eye on the situation and seek medical help if it continues. Oedema can result from standing or sitting for extended periods, being overweight or pregnant, or taking certain medications such as steroids or antidepressants.
Because there are many causes, the NHS the NHS suggests trying ‘gentle exercises’ and elevating the swollen area when possible before consulting a doctor. The symptoms of heart failure can differ among individuals and may start suddenly or ‘develop gradually’ over weeks or even months.
Other red flags to watch out for include:
- Breathlessness. This may occur after activity or whilst you’re resting. It will probably be worse whilst lying down.
- Fatigue
- Feeling light headed
- Fainting
Less common symptoms such as depression, anxiety, wheezing, and loss of appetite may also be experienced. Again, if you’re experiencing worsening or persistent symptoms – contact your GP.